Alamat Hotel

 Hotel Melati (non star hotel)
No    NAMA HOTEL                   ALAMAT                                     NO. TELP  
1    Hotel Candi Indah                   Jl Dr Wahidin 112 Jatingaleh          024 8312515   
2    Hotel Grand Saraswati            Jl Singosari Raya No 81 A              024 8413454   
3    Hotel Royal Phoenix               Jl Sriwijaya No 30                          024 8315756   
4    Hotel Djelita                          Jl MT Haryono No 32-36               024 3543891   
5    Hotel Elisabeth                      Jl Sultan Agung No 1                       024 8413501   
6    Hotel Plampitan                     Jl Plampitan No 19                          024 3520412   
7    Hotel Kesambi Hijau             Jl Kesambi No 7                             024 8312528   
8    Hotel Merbabu                     Jl Pemuda No 122-124                   024 3547411   
9    Hotel Graha Agung              MAJT Jateng, Jl Gajah Raya             024 7674 4108   
10    Hotel Rahayu                     Jl Imam Bonjol No 35-37                 024 3542532   
11    Hotel Srikandi                    Jl Dr Wahidin No 195                      024 8311969   
12    Hotel Sriwijaya                   Jl Sriwijaya No 61                           024 8445456   
13    Hotel Tugu Indah                Jl Raya Walisongo No 3                 024 7600421   
14    Hotel Blambangan              Jl Pemuda No 23                            024 3541649   
15    Hotel Hanoman Indah        Jl Hanoman Raya No 31                  024 7600444   
16    Hotel Patimura                   Jl Patimura No 20-22                      024 3551343,3542047   
17    Permata Guest House        Jl Singosari XII/I                             024 8316395   
18    Hotel Taman Lele              Jl Raya Walisongo Km 10                 024 8664094   
19    Hotel Mahkota                  Jl. Setiabudi 124                              024 7472854   
20    Hotel Oewa Asia               Jl. Kol. Sugiono 12                          024 3542547   
21    Hotel Indrapasta                Jl. Indraprasta 112 - 114                024 8512550   
22    Hotel Tanjung Mas Jaya    Jl. Usman Janatin 7                           024 3553533,3515391   
23    Hotel Dirgantara                Jl. Siliwangi 508                               024 7604421   
24    Hotel Johar                       Jl. Empu Tantular 1                           024 3548585   
25    Hotel Bahagia                    Jl. Pemuda 16 - 18                           024 3548850   
26    Hotel Arjuna                      Jl. Imam Bonjol 51       
27    Hotel Ayu                         Jl. Pudakpayung 25                           024 747980   
28    Hotel Setiabudi                  Jl. Setiabudi 146                               024 7475681   
29    Hotel Tanjung                    Jl. Tanjung 9 -11                               024 7475108   
30    Hotel Tentrem                    Jl. Kauman 6                                   024 83551372   
31    Hotel Singapore                 Jl. Imam Bonjol 12                           024 3513757   
32    Hotel Sahara                      Jl. Alun-alun Selatan 14                    024 3514490   
33    Hotel Semarang                 Jl. Alun-alun Selatan 12       
34    Hotel Raden Patah              Jl. Letjen. Suprapto 48                   024 3511328   
35    Hotel Martanova                Jl. Gendingan 11                           024 3517512   
36    Hotel Kudus                      Jl. Imam Bonjol 89       
38    Hotel Terboyo Indah       Jl. Terboyo Industri Raya 30               024 6583750       
39    Hotel GM 100                 Jl.Gajahmada 100            
40    Hotel Olympic                  Jl. Imam Bonjol    126                         024 3541102
41    Hotel Jaya                       Jl. MT. Haryono 85 - 87                    024 353604   
42    Hotel Simpang Lima        Jl A. Yani 153                                    024 8311590       
43    Hotel Sriwijaya                Jl. Sriwijaya 61                                   024 8445456   
               
The Star Hotel (hotel berbintang) in Semarang               
               
No    NAMA HOTEL                                  ALAMAT                           No. TELP                  Klasifikasi
1    HOTEL CROWNE PLAZA              Jl. Pemuda 118                 (024) 86579111              BINTANG 5
2    HOTEL GUMAYA                       JL. Gajahmada 59-61             (024) 3551999              BINTANG 5
3    HOTEL GRAND CANDI            Jl. Sisingamangaraja 16         (024) 8416222              BINTANG 5
4    HOTEL SANTIKA PREMIERE    Jl. Pandanaran 116             (024) 8413115              BINTANG 5
5    HOTEL CIPUTRA                         Jl. Simpanglima                 (024) 8449888              BINTANG 5
6    HOTEL PATRA JASA                  Jl. Sisingamangaraja         (024) 8314441              BINTANG 5
7    HOTEL HORISON                   Jl. K.H.A Dahlan No.2         (024) 8418118              BINTANG 5
8    HOTEL PANDANARAN          Jl. Pandanaran 42             (024) 8452951              BINTANG 4
9    HOTEL GRASIA                      Jl. S. Parman 29             (024) 8444777 / 8317288  BINTANG 4
10    HOTEL QUEST                    JL. Plampitan  37 – 39         (024) 3520808              BINTANG 3
11    HOTEL SEMESTA               Jl. KH Wahid Hasyim 125 – 127(024) 3576060        BINTANG 3
12    HOTEL NEW METRO          Jl. Agus Salim 2 - 4             (024) 3547371              BINTANG 3
13    HOTEL PURI GARDEN        Jl. Arteri P. Anjasmoro         (024) 7606606              BINTANG 3
14    HOTEL SILIWANGI             Jl. Sugiyopranoto 61             (024) 3542636              BINTANG 3
15    HOTEL DAFAM                   Jl. Imam Bonjol 188              (024) 3554111              BINTANG 3
16    HOTEL PLAZA                     Jl. Setiabudi 101 - 103         (024) 7473188 / 7473215  BINTANG 3
17    HOTEL AMARIS                   Jl. Pemuda 138                 (024) 3588558               BINTANG 2
18    HOTEL MURIA                    Jl. Dr. Cipto 73                 (024) 3513622 / 3515843  BINTANG 2
19    HOTEL SURYA                   Jl. Imam Bonjol 28             (024) 3540359 / 3544250  BINTANG 2
20    HOTEL IBIS                          Jl. Gajahmada 172                                      BINTANG 2
21    HOTEL RINJANI                 Jl. Rinjani 16 A                 (024) 8443232 / 8443524  BINTANG 2
22    HOTEL PONDOK SERRATA   Jl. Setiabudi 110                                      BINTANG 2
23    HOTEL  DALU                           Jl Majapahit No 282                                      BINTANG 2
24    HOTEL SRONDOL INDAH       Jl. Setiabudi 211              (024) 7472277 / 7473399 BINTANG 2
25    HOTEL QUIRIN                       Jl. Gajahmada 44                  (024) 3547063 / 3547341 BINTANG 2
26    HOTEL CANDI BARU              Jl. Rinjani 21                  (024) 8315272 / 8315356 BINTANG 1
27    HOTEL BUKIT ASRI               Jl. Setiabudi 5 A              (024) 7475743 / 7472715 BINTANG 1
28    HOTEL PERMATA HIJAU        Jl. Dr. Wahidin 64              (024) 8315671              BINTANG 1
29    HOTEL BUKIT PERMAI          Jl. Setiabudi 34                  (024) 7472704 / 7472776 BINTANG 1
30    HOTEL NYATA PLASA           Jl. Setiabudi 16                  (024) 7477113 / 7472632 BINTANG 1
31    HOTEL ALAM INDAH           Jl. Setiabudi 12 - 14          (024) 7471911              BINTANG 1
32    WHIZ HOTEL                          Jl. Kapten Piere Tendean No. 09 (024) 3566999          BINTANG 1

Info wisata kota Semarang

The manstay of Semarang tourist destination are:

Tugumuda

The historic monument is licated in down town Semarang. This monument was built to commemorate the heroes who died in the Five Days of Battle in Semarang on 14 -19 October,1945 against the Japanese Army. This monument was made in the form of wax and there are some reliefs that depict the suffering of the people

Simpang Lima

This place is the heart of Semarang

Taman Budaya Raden Saleh (TBRS)

This is theme park in downtown, precisely at Jl Sriwijaya 29 Semarang. The location of this park is very strategic, this park has land and shade trees. This park has some facilities to perform a traditional art on special moment

Taman Lele

Taman Lele have a wide ± 22 173 m2 and located on the Highway to Jakarta. Taman lele is small zoo, on special moment the concerts hold on Taman Lele especially Dangdut

Obyek wisata alam Goa Kreo

Goa Kreo is located in Dukuh Talun Kacang, Kelurahan Kandri Kecamatan Gunungpati + 13 km from Tugumuda to the south, on the slopes of the hill and located at 350 m above of sea level

With wetland landscape around Goa Kreo and steep cliffs wich full of trees also clear rocky on the streams make a beautiful panorama.

According to legend of Goa Kreo is petilasan Kanjeng Sunan Kalijaga. When he looking for the wood to build the mosque of Demak, he stopped at Goa Kreo.

Told at the time he (Sunan Kalijaga) get assisted by four monkeys, it supposedly is the origin of the monkeys who live in Goa Kreo, now the monkeys about 300 .

Around the cave there are also bamboo kerincing that's believed is grow from the former skewers who served at Sunan Kalijaga when he entered into salvation. This bamboo leaves smell of goat .

Rare Plants on Goa Kreo are : Pohon beracun, sesambi/kucacil, lanji/wilikukur, kepoh atau jangkang, iwil-iwil dan kemloko.

The north of Goa Kreo there are originating waterfall from various sources of clear water and never dry

Museum Nyonya Meneer

The museum was established on January 18, 1984 collection of cultural objects on herbal medicine. Located on Jl. Kaligawe Semarang

Museum Rekor

The museum is storing / collecting the notes and records of remarkable achievement of the people of Indonesia. Located in Jl. Setiabudi 179 Semarang

Pantai Marina

Located in the northern of the city, adjacent to the Kawasan Pekan Raya Promosi dan Pembangunan ( PRPP ) and Puri Maerokoco ( Central Java Thumbnail Park ). there are Swimming Pool, Sky Air and Speed ​​Boot and a beautiful beach atmosphere.

Puri Maerokoco

This is Central Java Thumnail Park and located on the nothern of the city.

Agro Sodong

Agro Sodong is located in the Kelurahan Purwosari Kecamatan Mijen the concept was originally intended as an anticipatory step toward trend needs tourists to return to the natural (back to nature).

Kota Lama

Based on its history, the city of Semarang has an area which is at about the 18th century became the center of trade. Region in the area now called Old Town.

At that time, to secure the citizens and territory, the area was built fort, the named of the fort was VIJHOEK. To make speed communications path between the third gate of the fort they made ​​the roads , with its main street is named: HEEREN STRAAT. Currently named Jl. Let Jen Soeprapto. One of the gate of the fort which existing until now is Berok Bridge, called ZUIDER DE POR.

Transport path through the water is very important it is evidenced by the rivers that surround this area are navigable from the sea up to Sebandaran area, area of ​​Chinatown. At that time the Dutch East Indies had ranked second as a producer of sugar all over the world. At the time it was happening forced cultivation (Cultur stelsel) throughout the Netherlands East Indies.

Semarang Old City area is also called OUTSTADT. This area about 31 hectares. Based of the condition of geography, it seems that area is separated from the surrounding area, so it seems like a separate city, earning it the nickname "Little Netherland. "

Semarang Old City area is a silent witness to the history of Dutch colonial Indonesia more than 2 centuries, and its location adjacent to the area economy. This place is about 50 old buildings that still stand sturdy and has a history of colonialism in Semarang.

Semarang Old Town is a historic region with many ancient buildings are considered to be potential for economic development in the field of culture and conservation areas.

Taman Satwa di Wonosari The zoo at Wonosari is removal of Tinjomoyo zoo. Located in a very strategic location because it ison the highway Semarang - Jakarta. The distance is only 15 km from downtown and is very easy to be achieved with various types of vehicles both private vehicles and public vehicles. With collection of various animals,the zoo also equipped with water attractions.

Polder Tawang The function Polder Tawang is to protect the overflow water from outside the region and controlling the water level inside the Old City.

Taman Rekreasi Wonderia Children's playground like the boom-boom car, jet coaster, Ferris wheel, haunted house, mini train, plane luncur."Wonderia" also features an open stage featuring musical attractions are also used for the music festival. The location was easy to reach because its near opf downtown is on Jl. Srivijaya, with parking space

Warung Semawis It is a stand of selling the best various foods in Semarang. Stand was held in open spaces along the street with the order of tables and tents next to the middle. Warung Semawis an ideal place for families to relax while enjoying a meal under the stars and the moonlight scattered. There are a variety of foods such as rice pela menu, Javanese noodle , various typical oriental cuisine Gang Warung, Ice complacent, Soto, various porridge, satay, fried chicken and so on. The people who came to choosing foods and will be escorted to the table at an affordable price. Locations in Jalan Gang Warung, Kelurahan Kranggan, Central Semarang. Opened every Friday, Saturday and Sunday hours are from 17:00 to 23:00 pm. Ngaliyan Tirta Indah Ngaliyan Tirta Indah is a swimming pool located in Ngaliyan roadway District Ngaliyan . Built in 1991, this pool has an area of ​​2 ha. In addition to the pool this place is also equipped with various types of nursery plants and flowers, gym and cafeteria. Gedung Batu This pagoda was built by an envoy from China named Sam Poo Tay Djien on a tour to Semarang, as one stopover of a series of visits to Asian countries. Pagoda which gave the inspiration for the development of various legends about the city of Semarang in particular this Simongan region has a structure which is very beautiful. With a mix of Chinese ornament which is very thick coupled with a similar roof forms joglo, this building is an interesting place to visit. Gelanggang Pemuda Manunggal Jati This building was built to accommodate the various activities undertaken by youth organizations in the city of Semarangas well as each organization's secretariat. Taman Tabanas Gombel The park is located on the hill is famous for its gardens Gombel Tabanas in the front yard. As the hills, this area of Semarang cooler bottom and from here we can enjoy views of the city below. In the vicinity are many hotels and restaurants stand.

Semarang City

Semarang is a city on the north coast of the island of Java, Indonesia. It is the capital of the province of Central Java. It has an area of 225.17 km² and a population of approximately 1.3 million people, making it Indonesia's 11th most populous city. Semarang is located at 6°58′S 110°25′E / 6.967°S 110.417°E / -6.967; 110.417. A major port during the Dutch colonial era, and still an important port today, the city has a dominant Javanese population.

In 1678, Sunan Amangkurat II promised to give control of Semarang to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as a part of a debt payment. In 1682, the Semarang state was founded by the Dutch colonial power. On October 5, 1705 after years of occupations, Semarang officially became a VOC city when Susuhunan Pakubuwono I made a deal to give extensive trade rights to the VOC in exchange of wiping out Mataram's debt. The VOC, and later, the Dutch East Indies government, established tobacco plantations in the region and built roads and railroads, making Semarang an important colonial trading centre.

NIS company head office(Gedung Lawang Sewu), Semarang, Dutch East Indies, 1901.

Even though in the Dutch East Indies Batavia was the political center of government and Surabaya became the center of commerce, the third largest city in Java was Semarang. As off VOC times Semarang had always been an important center of government for North Java, employing many Indo-European officials, until Daendels (1808–1811) simplified burocracy by eliminating this extra layer of officialdom. The city’s expansion declined until in 1830 the Java War ended and export commerce via the north of Java picked up again. Trade from the south and the middle of Java, where many Indo entrepreneurs rented and cultivated plantations, flourished. Soon the government invested in the establishment of a railway infrastructure which also employed many Indo people. The historic presence of a large Indo (Eurasian) community in the area of Semarang is also reflected by the fact a creole mix language called Javindo existed there.[1] Nowadays there is no substantial Indo community left in Semarang, as most fled the city during the Indonesian national revolution in the middle of the 20th century.

In the 1920s, the city became a center of leftist and nationalist activism. With the founding of the Communist Party of Indonesia in the city, Semarang became known as the "Red City". The Japanese military occupied the city along with the rest of Java in 1942, during Pacific War of World War II. During that time, Semarang was headed by a military governor called a Shiko, and two vice governors known as Fuku Shiko. One of the vice governors was appointed from Japan, and the other was chosen from the local population.

After Indonesian independence in 1945, Semarang became the capital of Central Java province.

The city of Semarang divided into 16 subdistricts (kecamatan) and 177 villages (kelurahan). The 16 subdistricts are: West Semarang, East Semarang, Central Semarang, North Semarang, South Semarang, Candisari, Gajahmungkur, Gayamsari, Pedurungan, Genuk, Tembalang, Banyumanik, Gunungpati, Mijen, Ngaliyan, and Tugu.

A Bupati (regent) used to be the head of government in Semarang until 1906. After 1906, the city of Semarang was headed by a Mayor (Walikota).

Mayors of Semarang after Indonesian independence:

1. Moch. lchsan

2. Koesoebiyono (1949 – 1 July 1951)

3. RM Hadisoebeno Sosrowardoyo (1 July 1951 – 1 January 1958)

4. Abdulmadjid Djojoadiningrat (7 January 1958 – 1 January 1960)

5. RM Soebagyono Tjondrokoesoemo (1 January 1961 – 26 April 1964)

6. Wuryanto (25 April 1964 – 1 September 1966)

7. Soeparno (1 September 1966 – 6 March 1967)

8. R. Warsito Soegiarto (6 March 1967 – 2 January 1973)

9. Hadijanto (2 January 1973 – 15 January 1980)

10. Imam Soeparto Tjakrajoeda (15 January 1980 – 19 January 1990)

11. Soetrisno Suharto (19 January 1990 – 19 January 2000)

12. Sukawi Sutarip (19 January 2000 – 19 January 2010)

13. Soemarmo HS(19 January 2010–2015)

Semarang features a tropical wet and dry climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The city’s wet season runs from November through May, while the dry season covers the remaining five months. Unlike a number of cities and regions with a tropical wet and dry climate, average high and low temperatures are very consistent throughout the course of the year, with an average high temperature of around 31,1 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures of around 25 degrees Celsius. Semarang on average sees slightly approximately 1500 mm of precipitation annually.

Semarang is located on the northern coast of Java. The northern part of the city is built on the coastal plain while the southern parts, known as Candi Lama and Candi Baru, are on higher ground. Two Dutch-built aqueducts run through the city to control the yearly flood, one on the east side and one through the west side, essentially dividing the city into three major areas.

Semarang features a tropical rainforest climate that borders on a tropical monsoon climate. The city features distinctly wetter and drier months, with June through August being the driest months. However, in none of these months does average precipitation falls below 60 mm, hence the tropical rainforest categorization. Semarang on average sees approximately 2800 mm of rain annually. Average temperatures in the city are relatively consistent, with average temperatures hovering around 28 degrees Celsius.

Climate data for Semarang
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	29.4 (85)	29.4 (85)	30 (86)	31.1 (88)	31.7 (89)	31.7 (89)	31.7 (89)	31.7 (89)	32.2 (90)	32.2 (90)	31.1 (88)	30 (86)	31.1 (88)
Average low °C (°F)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25.6 (78)	25.6 (78)	25 (77)	24.4 (76)	24.4 (76)	25 (77)	25.6 (78)	25.6 (78)	25 (77)	25 (77)
Precipitation mm (inches)	430 (16.93)	360 (14.17)	320 (12.6)	230 (9.06)	160 (6.3)	80 (3.15)	80 (3.15)	60 (2.36)	100 (3.94)	160 (6.3)	220 (8.66)	330 (12.99)	2,780 (109.45)

The western part of the city is home to many industrial parks and factories. The port of Semarang is located on the north coast and it is the main shipping port for the province of Central Java. Many small manufacturers are located in Semarang, producing goods such as textiles, furniture, and processed foods. Large companies, such as Kubota and Coca-Cola, also have plants in Semarang or its outer towns.

Many major banks in Indonesia have large offices in Semarang. These include BCA, BNI, Panin Bank, HSBC, Permata, and Bank Mandiri. Most of these offices are located in the center of the city, especially around Jalan Pandanaran and Jalan Pemuda.

Hospitality is becoming increasingly important in Semarang. It is home to about a dozen upscale hotels that cater to business travelers and tourists, including Hotel Santika Premiere, Hotel Novotel, Hotel Horison Semarang, Hotel Ibis, Hotel Pandanaran, Hotel Ciputra Semarang, Hotel Ciputra, Grand Candi Hotel, Quest Aston Semarang , Patra Jasa and Hotel Gumaya.

The majority of stores in Semarang are small, family-owned businesses. Home consumer spending is mostly split between traditional wet markets ("Pasar") for locally-sourced fresh produce (fish, meat, vegetables) and western-style malls and supermarkets for manufactured, finished products (dry goods). Pasar Johar, Pasar Gang Baru, Pasar Jatingaleh, and Pasar Jati are examples of traditional wet markets. Hypermart, ADA Swalayan, Giant, and now Carrefour are the larger supermarket/department store chains in Semarang. Carrefour, a French chain, opened its first store in Central Java at DP Mall in Semarang. The other two malls are Ciputra Mall and the Java Supermall. A fourth mall, Paragon, is the largest shopping center in Central Java Province.

Semarang is served by Achmad Yani International Airport, with daily flights to other major Indonesian cities as well as to Singapore.

Taxis are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by minibus, called "bis." These tend to be slow, old, and dilapidated. The better minibuses are the blue-colored ones fielded by the nationally-owned Damri company. Also widely available are the orange or yellow-colored converted minivans called angkot (from angkutan = transportation and kota = city). Angkot serve certain routes throughout the city and are operated privately. Though cheap, they are not usually known for being comfortable. Their fares are not fixed, and charged according to an unspoken but generally accepted consensus of fare to distance ratios, a confusing system which takes familiarity and time to learn. Semarang's two largest bus terminals are Mangkang and Terboyo.Semarang has a toll road, Jalan Tol or the Semarang Artery.

Semarang played a key role in railway history of Indonesia. It is the place where the first railway network was built in Indonesia. The railway connects Kemijen and Tanggung, and opened for public in August 10, 1867. In Dutch colonial era, there was a tram system in Semarang before being dismantled in early 1940s.

There are two large train stations in Semarang, Semarang Poncol and Semarang Tawang. The two stations operate train service to Tegal, Slawi, Bandung, Jakarta, Surakarta, Yogyakarta, Cepu, Bojonegoro, Jombang, Kediri, Malang, and Surabaya. Other smaller train stations are Mangkang, Jerakah, and Alastuwa.

The main seaport for this transportation mode is the Tanjung Mas seaport.

The population of Semarang is predominantly Javanese, though with smaller numbers of people from many regions in Indonesia. The city is known for its large ethnically Chinese population. The main languages spoken are Indonesian and Javanese. Sometimes Hokkien Chinese or Mandarin is spoken among the Chinese residence.

Semarang is home to several notable universities and high schools. A notable state-owned university at Semarang is Diponegoro University and Universitas Negeri Semarang or, in English, the Semarang State University. Other notable universities are Soegijapranata Catholic University, Sultan Agung Islamic University, and Dian Nuswantoro University. Semarang has some medical schools that offer school of medicine, nursing etc, such as Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Faculty of Medicine UNISSULA, and Faculty of Medicine UNIMUS. Among the other schools is Karangturi, a national private school which has facilities for children in Kindergarten through senior high school. Karangturi is known for having a high proportion of Chinese-Indonesian students.

Semarang is widely known for its Bandeng presto (pressure-cooked milkfish), Lumpia, Wingko, and Tahu Gimbal.

The era of Classical Indische Town (1678–1870)

Semarang was handed by the Sultan of Mataram to the Dutch East Indies in 1678. The city was pictured as a small settlement with a pious Muslim area called Kauman, a Chinese quarter, and a Dutch fortress. The fortress has a pentagonal form with only one gate in the south and five monitoring towers to protect the Dutch settlement from rebellion actions, segregating the spaces between Dutch settlement and other areas.In fact, the city of Semarang was only referred to the Dutch quarter while the other ethnic settlement were considered as villages outside the city boundary. The city, known as de Europeeshe Buurt, was built in classical European style with church located in the centre, wide boulevards and streets skirted by beautiful villas. According to Purwanto (2005),the urban and architectural form of this settlement is very similar to the design principles applied in many Dutch cities, which begun to concern on the urban beautification.

Due to the long and costly Java War, there were not much of funding from the Dutch East Indies government, effecting the development of Semarang. The majority of land was used for rice fields and the only small improvement was the development of surrounding fortress. Although less developed, Semarang has a fairly arranged city system, in which urban activities were concentrated along the river and the settlement was linked to a market where different ethnic groups met to trade. The existence of the market, in the later years, become a primary element and a generator of urban economic growths.

An important influence on urban growth was the Great Mail Road project in the 1847, which connected all the cities in northern coast of Central and East Java and made Semarang as the trade centre of agricultural production.The project was soon followed by the development of the Netherlands Indies railway and the connecting roads into the inner city of Semarang at the end of nineteenth century. Colombijn (2002)marked the development as the shift of urban functions, from the former river orientation to all services facing the roads.

The growth of modern city (1870–1922)

Improved communication, as the result of the Mail and Railway projects, had brought an economic booming for the city in the 1870s. There were hospital, churches, hotels, and large houses built along the new main roads; Bojongscheweg, Pontjolscheweg, and Mataram street, causing denser population in the ethnic settlements and creating the urban kampong.There was also a city tram connecting the inner city to and fro the suburbs in 1892. In addition, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 improved the global economic condition, elevating trade between Europe and Asia as well as opening new opportunities for city development. The government of Dutch East Indies had allowed private sectors to invest capital in agribusiness and generated various forms of employment, which affected on the deformation of the former Dutch quarter into offices area.

Urban growth had made acutely dense the urban kampong, reaching the number of 1000 inhabitants per hectare and degrading the quality of living condition. In this early twentieth century, mortality rate was very high due to the overcrowding and lack of hygiene that triggered the invasion of cholera and tuberculosis. Cobban (1993)noted the ethical movement of kampongverbetering led by Henry Tillema in 1913 and the concern of the Advisor for Decentralisation for kampong improvement through the betterment of public toilets, drainage, and the planning of public housing. The municipal council of Semarang had also seen the importance to separate residential area from the city as working place.

In 1917, a healthy housing project was implemented in the Southern part of Semarang called Candi Baru. Thomas Karsten, the advisor for city planning, transformed the concept of ethnic segregation that divided previous urban settlements into a new housing district plan based on economic classes. Although practically the three ethnic groups were also divided into three economic classes where the Dutch and rich Chinese occupied the largest lots in the housing district,Karsten had effectively emerged the developed district by integrating the road network, introducing newly improved public wash and bathing, squares and sporting facilities that can be utilised communally.Following the Candi Baru, there were three other housing plans between 1916–1919 to accommodate 55% population increase in Semarang; 45,000 Javanese, 8500 Chinese and 7000 Europeans. Karsten marked a new approach to town planning which emphasis on the aesthetic, practical and social requirements, articulated not in terms of racial terms but economic zones.

Driven by economic growth and spatial city planning, the city had doubled in size and expanded to the south by the 1920s, creating a nucleus of a metropolis where multi-ethnic groups lived and traded in the city. The villages in the suburbs such as Jomblang and Jatingaleh steadily became the satellite towns of Semarang, more populated with a bigger market area. Before the invasion of Japan in 1942, Semarang had already become the capital of Central Java Province, as the result of trade and industrial success and spatial planning.